Nerve bypass 'may end paralysis'

The technique uses the body's nerves to bypass spinal injuries and US researchers believe the treatment could help thousands of people to regain feeling, and possibly even the use of paralysed limbs.

The researchers have shown that nerves can be used to circumvent spinal damage and reconnect the brain to the body, according to a report in New Scientist.

The procedure, successfully used in experiments with rats, worked on similar principles to heart bypass surgery, where veins from a patient's leg are used to get around an artery blockage.

It raised the prospect of the first human trials within five years, offering hope to the 40,000-plus people in the UK with spinal cord injuries.

John Martin, a neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York, cut away a nerve in rats from just above the injury that normally stretches into the body to control abdominal muscles and reattached it to the spine below the injury.

When the team examined the nerve under a microscope two weeks later, they found it had sprouted new extensions which had begun to form connections, or synapses, with the motor nerves in the isolated lower spine.

Zapping the spinal cord above the injury made the lower limbs of the rats twitch, showing that motor signals had begun once again to pass along the entire length of the spine.

Patrick Anderson, professor of experimental neuroscience at University College London, said the findings were exciting, but said there was still much research to be done before the technique could be tried in humans. He added: "It's quite an exciting response, it's novel and no one's achieved quite that before."

Mr Martin said the technique needed much more development, but if all went well trials in humans could start in as little as five years.